ascorbic acid solution

Here is a math problem from the 1977 USSR Math Olympiad:

Let A be a 2n-digit number. We call this number special if it is a square and a concatenation of two n-digits squares. Also, the first n-digit square canapos;t start with zero; the second n-digit square can start with zero, but canapos;t be equal to zero.

• Find all two- and four-digit special numbers.
• Prove that there exists a 20-digit special number.
• Prove that not more than ten 100-digit special numbers exist.
• Prove that there exists a 30-digit special number.

Obviously, these questions are divided into two groups: show the existence and estimate the bound. Furthermore, this problem can be naturally divided into two other groups. Do you see them? The puzzle about special numbers makes a special day today mdash; you get a four-in-one puzzle.

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